2024考研英语新题型解析：段落排序题的锦囊妙计

在考研英语的备考中，阅读自然成为我们考研人在备考时的重中之重。然而我们在备考中往往容易忽视阅读新题型的练习，更有一些同学觉得新题型的就是听天由命，一招不慎，满盘皆输。其实，英一新题型的解题是有技巧性的，当同学们掌握解题技巧之后得到6分甚至更高的分数，其实是很容易的。如此性价比高的题型，大家一定要重视!

在英一试卷中，新题型主要由三种题型组成—填空式阅读，段落排序题以及标题匹配题。今天我们来着重讲一讲段落排序题。

信息匹配题要求考生对一篇乱序的六七个段落，依次排序。其中一到两段已经给出明确的段落。这个题目最大的特点就是一步错，可能导致步步错。大家在备考的时候可能会存在为难情绪，值得一提的是，有的考生可能祈祷不要考这个题。其实，这种看似很难的题，是有很强的技巧性的，如果大家掌握了我们的解题技巧，题目难度其实不是很大，主要考察了我们考生的段落衔接意识和理解能力。面对这一道题时，我们可以运用如下技巧来进行解题：

1. 拿到题目，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项中(尤其是首句和末句)鲜明的衔接标志词(例如指代，数字，逻辑关系词，时间顺序等);

2. 如果首段没有给出，则需要先确定首段;如果首段已经给出，则按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系。

3. 可以打破常规，如判断某两段文字必然衔接，结合题目顺序，进行反推。

4. 通读文章，检查一致性和连贯性。

下面，我们就以2019年英语一的段落排序题为例，进行详细的讲解和说明：

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments –from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect,and understanding---then we change the very nature of what it means to win an argument.

B. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People,Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. "This aversion to arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

C. None of this will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position,formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.

D. Of course,many discussions are not so successful. Still,we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments,but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.

E. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state,and I do not. If you yell,Yes,and I yell. No,neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other,and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast,suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values,since we both care about needy workers.

F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition,you can win by cheating as long as you don't get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid,or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them,their positions or the issues that divide you,but they can help you win-in one way.

G.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights,which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights,verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win,you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like,say,tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments,especially about politics and religion.

41__→42__→F→43___→44___→C→45__

第一步，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项中(尤其是首句和末句)鲜明的衔接标志词(例如指代，数字，逻辑关系词，时间顺序等)：

A. 首These tools can help

末the very nature of what it means to win an argument.

B. 首 In his 1936 work

末：无

C. 首 None of this will be easy

末：无

D. 首Of course,many discussions are not so successful.(前文可能提及discussion succeessful)

末：无

E. 首 There is a better way to win arguments.

末：无

F. 首：These views of arguments also undermine reason.

末：None of these tricks will help you understand .. but they can help you win-in one way.

G. 首：无 ：无

第二步，如果首段没有给出，则需要先确定首段;如果首段已经给出，则按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系。

A. 首These tools can help

末the very nature of what it means to win an argument.

B. 首 In his 1936 work

末：无

C. 首 None of this will be easy

末：无

D. 首Of course,many discussions are not so successful.(前文可能提及discussion succeessful)

末：无

E. 首 There is a better way to win arguments.

末：无

F. 首：These views of arguments also undermine reason.

末：None of these tricks will help you understand .. but they can help you win-in one way.

G. 首：无 ：无

根据文章后的题目顺序，首段没有给出，需要判断首句：观察选项发现可能是B或者G，比较二者可以发现：G首Carnegie 人名为 B首Dale Carnegie的缩写，所以可以判断，B应该是 B，则：41填写B项

41. B→42__→F→43___→44___→C→45__

接下来观察文章的首末段衔接，发现：

F首末：None of these tricks will help you understand .. but they can help you win-in one way.

E首 There is a better way to win arguments.

判定： FE必然相连，已知F所以43,空填E

41. B→42__→F→43 E→44___→C→45__

现在我们还剩下ADG三个选项，对应每个段落首末句指代信息发现你无法还原，则可以一个空一个空带入验证，首先看B末与ADG首句相连情况：

B末： Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. "This aversion to arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

A. 首These tools can help

D. 首Of course,many discussions are not so successful.(前文可能提及discussion succeessful)

G首：Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights

对比可知，G项更为恰当，原因：B提出了卡内基的观点，G对他的观点进行点评。其他两个选项和B末无法建立联系。因此：42 G

41. B→42. G→F→43. E→44___→C→45__

带着这个思路，我们继续看44空，可以对比E末和 A与D首句。

E末：Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values,since we both care about needy workers.

A. 首These tools can help

D. 首Of course,many discussions are not so successful.(前文可能提及discussion succeessful)

通过观察发现E末与AD联系都不是特别紧密，这个时候我们可以看将目光转换至45空，比较 C末和AD首句;

C. None of this will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position,formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.

A. 首These tools can help

D. 首Of course,many discussions are not so successful.(前文可能提及discussion succeessful)

此时，我们可以发现，C末一直在提及各种辩论建议，可以对应 A项these tools，因此C和A相连，所以45. A，44. D

41.B→42. G→F→43. E→44.D→C→45.A

下面总结一下这套题的解题方法，首先在拿到题目后，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项首句和末句鲜明的衔接标志。结合首段已经给出，按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系，结合选项可以判断文章中两段文字必然衔接，再结合题目顺序，进行反推。最后，通读文章，检查一致性和连贯性。2019年这套题目难度在往年中属于难度偏高的题目，难点在于找到衔接关系，对此大家一定要耐得住性子，细心寻找段落首末衔接处(如原词或者指代还原)。